About

From Mass to Form is an evolving theory of interaction as the single substance of reality. This site is its working home.

Where the theory is

The theory is at version 0.14. As of v0.7 it has a full mathematical formulation, and as of v0.8 a runnable calculational engine and a derived dynamical law (see The Formal Theory). The current state:

v0.1 — Foundations. The single-primitive ontology, the atomic interaction script, the rooted-tree structure with Mass at the leaves and the One Interaction at the root, Forms as self-maintaining agents, the action / interaction feedback loop, the decay / emergence balance, and the working dictionary.
v0.2 — The Asymmetric Epistemic Principle. The hub structure of every agent (one interior, many exteriors) and the structural impossibility of fully deciphering the parent interactions in which one participates.
v0.3 — The Reorganization. Reopened the foundations. Renamed the internal-process role to Computation (freeing Protocol for the regular pattern between alike Forms; this role was itself renamed Propagation in v0.13). Dissolved the false four-tier "manifestation" hierarchy. Introduced the Form-constitution rule. Sharpened Action as the way a Form maintains its own existence. Added the cross-level interaction asymmetry.
v0.4 — The Genealogy of Protocols. A Protocol is established between alike Forms via their structurally-isomorphic interactions with lower-complexity forms. Protocols have a genealogy and bottom out at a primitive Protocol_1 between alike Mass-interactions. Alikeness is redefined non-circularly as structural isomorphism of lower-level patterns. Protocols are emergent-over their substrate (not reducible to it).
v0.5 — Space, Time, and Mass. Resolves the time-circularity via encapsulation. Time is the order of succession of a parent's children's completions; space is the order of their coexistence; the two are one structure read along two axes, with opposite source-directions. Mass is ongoing/bound interaction; masslessness is interaction-in-transit (the photon as a mark mid-flight). A reference frame is a parent interaction's interior, so all motion is relative — and the nesting structure appears to generate the Lorentzian shape of special relativity, with the quantum jump as a worked example.
v0.6 — Energy. Energy is the rate at which a Form completes the interactions that maintain it — the dynamic measure of bound interaction, where mass is the static measure; equivalently, the rate of Action. Rest energy (mc²) is the irreducible cost of existing against decay. Because mass was defined as ongoing interaction, and "ongoing" is already a rate, E = mc² becomes nearly definitional: mass and energy are the same stuff counted versus timed.
v0.7 — The Formal Theory. A first full mathematical reconstruction (Parts I–III). From two axioms — interactions are dyadic and carry complex amplitude — Minkowski spacetime, the masslessness of elementary interactions, mass from bound null cycles, and E² = (pc)² + (mc²)² are derived; the de Broglie phase-harmony that bridges quantum mechanics and relativity becomes a theorem; Einstein's field equations emerge as the completion network's equation of state, with the gravity-sourcing horizon identified as the epistemic horizon of v0.2; electromagnetism is derived; and the walls — the value of Newton's G and the gauge sector — are pushed to well-posedness.
v0.8 — Calculation and dynamics (Parts IV–V). A runnable calculational engine (spinor states, summed SL(2,ℂ) transport, Born probabilities) that reproduces — exactly — the Dirac propagator, the Born/Malus law cos²(θ/2), the 2√2 Bell/CHSH violation, the g-factor 2, and the electron Compton clock: the results that experimentally separate quantum from classical and relativistic from Newtonian physics. And a derived dynamical law: the action's form is forced (gauge-covariant Dirac; the QED vertex from the gauge principle), with every constant recast as a "per-completion" network quantity. Its deepest result — chirality from directedness: an elementary mark is null, hence a Weyl spinor, hence intrinsically chiral, and the A→B directedness (the arrow of time) orients the handedness, so the weak force's parity violation and the arrow of time share one root. Every claim is tagged RIGOROUS / MOTIVATED / CONJECTURE. See The Formal Theory.
v0.9 — The coupling constants (Part VI): an honest wall. A genuine attempt to derive the fine-structure constant α, and the honest report that it does not crack — with the rigorous reason: α is a running coupling whose measured value is an infrared sum over the entire charged-particle spectrum, so deriving α is equivalent to deriving the spectrum, which is open. The constants split into structural ones the framework reaches (the 1+3 dimension, g=2, 2√2, the Weinberg angle 3/8 at unification, coupling unification from single-mark origin) and dynamical ones it cannot reach in isolation (low-energy α, masses, mixings) — which form one self-referential bootstrap. Numerology is explicitly refused.
v0.10 — The dynamical law (Parts VII–VIII). A Form is reformulated as a monodromy in SL(2,ℂ); the fermion/boson split follows from spinor-monodromy parity; the spectrum is discrete because Forms are discrete attractors. The dynamical law is then geometric self-consistency: a particle is a self-regenerating spacetime, G = 𝓕(G), with no binding force and no coupling — so the constants become the "allowed notes" (eigenvalues) of a parameter-free fixed point. The whole program reduces to one open calculation (the Closure Gate).
v0.11 — The upward audit (Part IX) [partly conjectural]. Checks whether the law generalizes to atoms, cells, organisms, societies. Finding: the self-consistency law, energy-as-rate, decay-as-mistuning, and the discrete spectrum appear scale-free (autopoiesis, found first in biology, is the same law); the bare-qubit Lorentz/3+1/spin representation is base-only, which would explain why physical spacetime is special. Conjectural above the base; quarantined as Speculative Extensions.
v0.12 — The ladder, and a peer-review pass. The upward conjecture is taken to both ends (Part X): metabolic scaling (Kleiber) above the base, awareness/unity-of-mind at the top — all clearly labeled conjecture and moved off the technical page. Two independent critics then reviewed the project; in response, the central objection ("starting from a complex 2-spinor smuggles in the physics") was met with a derivation of the spinor from the ontology (Why the Mark is ℂ²), overclaiming was softened toward "reconstruction," the calculational results were relabeled as consistency checks rather than predictions, and the speculative material was quarantined.
v0.13 — Propagation (a foundations revision). The mark is no longer computed by an interaction. It is a bit set by pole A and carried — down through A's sub-agents to Mass, across the floor, up through B's sub-agents to pole B's awareness. The internal-process role is renamed Computation → Propagation; the old "how do children's marks aggregate" question is dissolved (there is no aggregation), and the live question becomes which carrier-path, weighted how — the Feynman form of the one superposition posit. The mark is moved, never copied; and the epistemic horizon becomes mechanical — you carry the marks of every interaction you are part of (up to the One Interaction) but can read none addressed above you, because carrying is not awareness. The clean-room formalization (formalism/cycle_9.md) was put to an adversarial critic, which forced honest limits: only the gross carrier topology is derived, and "existence = the delivery completes" unifies it with the v0.4 fixed-point law (the author retired the word "circuit": nothing returns to A — a one-way delivery). The author further resolved: the mark's entire content is "I exist" — all complexity lives in the time-and-space variance of many such bits; and the stack is always empty at the moment of existence, so the actual world never contains one. (Numbered v0.13 in the project timeline; the foundations-document track labels it v0.7 — its 7th ontology revision.)
v0.14 — The Source, and the ever-changing Form. Two foundations resolutions. (1) A Mass-interaction lacks a local agent A — a leaf has nothing below it to be a mark-leaver — and the slot is filled globally: one Source is the agent A of every Mass-interaction, setting every floor bit; one Source ⇒ one world (the floor is connected by shared agency). (2) A Form is ever-changing, not fixed: it is categorized, not strictly identified, by its Protocol-profile — the set of Protocols (variance-regularities) it manifests. Resolved in the same release: the Source is the One Interaction's own A-pole — the Big Bang's mark-leaver sits at every leaf; within our universe it only sets (its possible awareness belongs to an interaction outside our universe — outside scope). And the two-poles axiom survived a refutation game against seven n-ary candidates, yielding the Dyadic Factorization Principle: apparent n-agent interactions factor via timing-coincidence or Form-constitution. Full delta in 07_SOURCE.md.

As of v0.7–v0.12 the formal mathematical reconstruction exists (Parts I–X), so the "next versions" list of earlier drafts is largely done: the formal skeleton, the decay/emergence dynamics (now the self-consistency law G = 𝓕(G)), the Protocol's mathematical role, and the unification of a hub's awarenesses (via autopoiesis, Part X) have all been taken up. The program has reduced to a single open problem:

The Closure Gate — solve the self-consistency fixed point G = 𝓕(G) in full 3+1D. Its solutions are the particles; their masses are the spectrum; the holonomies they force are the couplings. This one parameter-free calculation stands between the present theory and the dynamical constants of nature.

How this site is built

Static HTML and CSS, served by nginx, no JavaScript, no tracking, no third-party requests beyond the typeface CDN. Every page is built from a single template and a content fragment via a small Python script. The whole site (including the deploy configuration and this page) is tracked in the theory's git repository — so the site itself is part of the version history of the theory.

Typography: Source Serif 4 for body, Inter for headlines and navigation. Built to be readable at length and respectful of dark mode.

Provenance

The theory was developed in a long dialogue between Uri Even-Ezra and Claude (Anthropic). Uri set the ontological commitments at every step; Claude played back, sharpened, named, and pushed for consistency. Each substantial conceptual move was committed to a versioned document at the time it was made. The site you are reading is the publication of that record.

Contact

This is a personal philosophical project, currently without a discussion forum. If you find the theory interesting and want to engage, the right way to reach the author is through email — published on the source repository, when that goes public.

An evolving work. Subject to revision. The version is shown in the footer.